Most U.S. teams find out they're in scope by accident — a customer questionnaire, an EU subsidiary, or a regulator's letter.
NIS 2 took effect across EU member states starting October 2024, with active enforcement ramping through 2025 and 2026. The directive expanded the original NIS framework to cover medium and large organizations across 18 sectors — and it applies based on EU operations, not just EU headquarters. That pulls in U.S. parents with European subsidiaries, manufacturing plants, and operating entities that many leadership teams didn't realize were in scope.
Common in-scope triggers:
- You operate an EU subsidiary, manufacturing plant, or affiliate in one of the 18 covered sectors — energy, transport, banking, healthcare, digital infrastructure, manufacturing of critical products, public administration, and more
- You're a U.S. parent with European entities that meet the size and sector thresholds
- You provide ICT or managed services to an Essential or Important entity in the EU
- A customer has sent you a NIS 2 supplier questionnaire and you're not sure how to answer it
- You're unclear which member state's transposition applies, or whether you're classified as Essential or Important

